GNOME has the keyboard switcher applet,
Xfce has one, but does not switches: use the keymap of the xorg.conf,
KDE? never tried but almost sure there is a setting somewhere.
These WM applets
should take precedence over other choices.
In any case, I would use, as an extra, the ~/.Xdefaults tip from the FAQ.
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edit
Have been reading
man keyboard
about the layout lists in
Option "XkbLayout"
found no answer but
Quote:
Some other XKB-related options are available, but they are
incompatible with the ones listed above and are not recom-
mended, so they are not documented here.
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So, I'm rather at the end of my ideas.