1) I think a good case can be made for Grace Hopper, although most people wont instantly know her.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper
2) I'm not sure enjoyable is the correct term, but i3 and xombrero have been my favorites because they don't get in the way.
3) No comment
4) For me
Red Ice Creations
5) Plan 9 and QNX (QNX had a Free version years ago which they don't seem to have anymore...and I lost my copy). Only thing with both are lack of apps that I need.
6) Python- I like that it doesn't get in my way. And when I use other languages now I still think in Python or Pythonically as they say. Professionally I have to use C# daily.
7) The belief in authority.