It depends on what you want to do with AI. There is a big difference between AI intended for scientific purposes than AI intended for games. I have more experience in game AI than traditional AI, so I will speak on that.
As for AI for games, the majority of game development is done currently in C++. You can use any language (some are certainly less ideal, though), including Java or C (two popular alternate choices for game AI).
Is C suited for game AI? It is for more traditional games, like board games. For example, in my game AI class I wrote a good checkers game in C.
If you are more comfortable in Java, there is no problem learning game AI in Java. The big thing is to learn the AI algorithms, with the actual language you use to implement them of secondary importance -- as it is in computer programming in general.
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And the WORD was made flesh, and dwelt among us. (John 1:14)
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