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Old 3rd June 2008
corey_james corey_james is offline
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Default FreeBSD Administration Commands

I've started this thread to aid both new and existing user in the administration of FreeBSD systems.
Please don't make this thread too chatty and only put helpful commands.
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Old 3rd June 2008
corey_james corey_james is offline
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adduser(8) - a script to aid the addition of new users
watch(8) - snoop on another tty line. An administrator can watch ( and interact ) with tty sessions. I use this to watch ssh users on my boxes
feh(1) - image viewer and cataloguer
import(1) - import - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen.
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Old 3rd June 2008
osman osman is offline
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camcontrol To add/remove SCSI devices on runtime

script
The script utility makes a typescript of everything printed on your ter-
minal. It is useful for students who need a hardcopy record of an inter-
active session as proof of an assignment.

tcptraceroute Check which hop/router in path is blocking your tcp segments. /usr/ports/net/tcptraceroute
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Old 3rd June 2008
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write Send message to another logged user
lastcomm Watch all executed commands with details, when process accounting is enabled
pr It may be used for beautifying the text output. Useful when getting piped input from other command.
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Old 4th June 2008
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People should also note any thing they mention, that is not included in the base install as being so.


pw -- create, remove, modify & display system users and groups

That is the single best command I have ever encountered for taking care of such jobs !!!!


vi -- standard screen editor on all unix systems (this is NOT vim).


vipw -- safely edit the systems passwd file using your $EDITOR, default is vi -> check the handbooks chapter on 'shells' or your shells manual for details on setting your default screen editor. If no $EDITOR or $VISUAL are set, it uses /usr/bin/vi to edit the file.

pwd_mkdb -- generate the password databases, very useful if you ever edit the file without using the vipw program.

portupgrade -- a useful utility in ports for installing and updating programs (I don't use it, but many do I think).

sh -- the systems /bin/sh, great for writing scripts, THIS IS NOT BASH.

test -- great manual page for those doing shell scripting.


perl and related manual pages, Perl can be installed from ports and is a great tool if one needs a best friend.


awk -- pattern-directed scanning and processing language, great language to learn whether you use Perl or not. THIS IS NOT GAWK, if GNU AWK is needed, install it from ports.


hier -- map of the file system.


dump and restore -- great backup tools

tar -- tape archive managing program, this is not GNU tar so check your GNU'isms at --the-manual if the switches are different (I've never used gtar and rarely use the GNU style options of bsd tar). Install gtar from ports if you need GNU tar.

tar, gzip, bzip2, dump, and lzma are my favorite backup programs.

psearch a great utility you can install from ports/pkg for searching the local ports tree.

csup -- useful for dealing with ports and source code, check the handbook for details. -> install via ports if using older versions of FreeBSD.
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Old 4th June 2008
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sudo, to give specified users certain rights. (/usr/ports/security/sudo)
visudo, installed with sudo, a vi-editor (which can be changed) that will edit the sudoers file and also check for syntax errors.)
lsftp (/usr/ports/ftp/lftp) a very simple yet versatile text ftpclient.
screen (/usr/ports/sysutils/screen) an incredibly useful program
http://www.scottro.net/qnd/qnd-screen.html
gives quick rundown of some of its uses.
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Old 4th June 2008
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gstat(8) - prints nice output of currently used filesystems/partitions [ gstat ]
netstat(8) - great tool for checking network deamons listening ports, number fo packets and buffers [ netstat -ib | netstat -Lan | netstat -m]
diskinfo(8) - get info about disks, also benchmark them in hdparm(8) style [ diskinfo | diskinfo -c ad0 | diskinfo -t ad0 ]
iostat(8) - displays current disks usage, reads per second, transactions per second and so [ iostat 1 | iostat -x 5 ]
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Old 5th June 2008
tad1214 tad1214 is offline
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Basic but took me a few hours.

reboot - reboots the system
shutdown -p now - Powers down the system rather than halting it.
df -h - Shows the amount of disk free in a human readable format.
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Old 6th June 2008
davidgurvich davidgurvich is offline
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screen -- A great tool for remote or console administration. Not BSD specific.
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Old 6th June 2008
cajunman4life cajunman4life is offline
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I second screen. Invaluable when rebuilding kernel/world over a remote connection.
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Old 6th June 2008
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sockstat(1) - Gather information about sockets (sockstat -c4 | grep ^www | awk '{print $7}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort +1n)
strace(1) (devel/strace) - Useful for tracing process execution (similar to truss(1))
lsof(8) (sysutils/lsof) - List opened files / sockets by programs (lsof /dev/dsp0 - who's that bastard blocking my sounds!??!, similar to fstat(1))
iftop(8) (net-mgmt/iftop) - Display live information about network bandwidth usage by interface and host.
tcpdump(1) - totally awsome tool for network debugging and sniffing. Also check wireshark (net/wireshark).
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Old 7th June 2008
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Quote:
Originally Posted by tad1214 View Post
Basic but took me a few hours.

reboot - reboots the system
shutdown -p now - Powers down the system rather than halting it.
df -h - Shows the amount of disk free in a human readable format.
We really should be pointing people away from directly using halt and reboot. They don't do a lot of safety checks.

shutdown should be used to halt (-h), poweroff (-p), or reboot (-r) a running system.
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Old 10th June 2008
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/usr/ports/net/trafshow - Light, easy, flexible traffic monitoring
pfctl(8) - pf's uber switch
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Old 10th June 2008
Darwimy Darwimy is offline
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The basic commands for user management:

* chpass(1) <= Add or change user database information
* login(1) <= Login user, invoked by getty
* passwd(1) <= Modify user's password, using login class' settings
* finger(1) <= Display user information

* adduser(8) <= Add a new user interactively or in batch mode
* pw(8) <= Add, modify, delete users and groups
* vipw(8) <= Directly edit the password database
* pwd_mkdb(8) <= Generate password databases (used by chpass, passwd, etc)
* rmuser(8) <= Remove user and his files
* pam_passwdqc(8) <= Optional password quality check PAM module for passwd

* passwd(5) <= User database without passwords
* master.passwd(5) <= User database with passwords, class, change and expire settings
* login.access(5) <= Login access control table (who, from where)
* login.conf(5) <= Defines resource limits, environment, authentication options
* netgroup(5) <= Defines groups (host, user, domain)
* adduser.conf(5) <= Default settings for adduser
* pw.conf(5) <= Default settings for pw

Although not really commands - when dealing with users and groups one should know:

Group wheel:
  • Only wheel members may use su to login as root.
Group operator:
  • May execute shutdown.
  • May directly read / write disk devices.
  • May create filesystem snapshots
Group dialer:
  • May access serial devices (”/dev/cuaa*”).
  • May start pppd.
Group network:
  • May execute ppp.
  • May execute sliplogin.

Last edited by Darwimy; 10th June 2008 at 08:49 PM.
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