HOWTO: Encoding // Pure Terminal // Virtual Terminal

[vermaden]

Purpose of this HOWTO is to show how to setup properly Pure [ISO] and Virtual [UTF] Terminals with syscons + xterm + urxvt + screen with English Language for manuals, commands and so, but withcorrectly displaing localized characters.

This example is based on polish language/characters, but may also be used with any other language, just change pl_PL.ISO8895-2 to You proper encoding.

Result of properly set localization [these characters are displayed and typed correctly]:

ę ó ą ś ł ż ź ć ń

We have to face little conflict, ISO under Pure Terminal and UTF8 under Virtual Terminal.

PURE TERMINAL // en_US.ISO-8859-1

Pure text terminal localization is very clean and easy:

/etc/rc.conf

# polish terminal settings // choose yours using sysinstall for example
font8x8="iso02-8x8"
font8x14="iso02-8x14"
font8x16="iso02-8x16"
keymap="pl_PL.ISO8859-2"
scrnmap="NO"

/etc/ttys

# polish virtual terminals // choose yours using sysinstall for example
ttyv0   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25l2        on  secure
ttyv1   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25l2        on  secure
ttyv2   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25l2        on  secure
ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25l2        on  secure

PURE TERMINAL + SCREEN // en_US.ISO-8859-1

Also screen under pure terminal displays encodings fine but needs also this setting:
/etc/zprofile /etc/profile /etc/csh.login

LC_ALL=en_US.ISO8859-1

VIRTUAL TERMINAL [X11] +/- SCREEN // en_US.UTF-8

Setting encoding/localizing X11 Virtual Terminal is little enigmatic to me, although I have found a way to have it localized properly. For example I need to export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 in ~/.xinitrc file which is very strange to me.

~/.xinitrc

export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

exec fluxbox

/etc/zprofile /etc/profile /etc/csh.login

LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

~/.Xdefaults

urxvt.imLocale: en_US.UTF-8

So we have a problem, we cannot set LC_ALL both to en_US.UTF-8 and to en_US.ISO8859-1 :/ we also cannot use $TERM varible to set our encoding properly, because $TERM will be changed by screen to screen, so this will not work:

/etc/zprofile /etc/profile /etc/csh.login

case "$TERM" in
  cons25*|linux)
    export LC_ALL=en_US.ISO8859-1
    ;;
  *rxvt*|*xterm*)
    export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
    ;;
  screen)
    export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
    ;;
esac

The sollution is to check for terminal speed [at least it works for me]:
Pure Terminal speed:

% stty|grep speed
speed 9600 baud;

Virtual Terminal speed:

% stty|grep speed
speed 38400 baud;

final setup based on terminal speed:

/etc/zprofile /etc/profile /etc/csh.login

case $( stty | grep speed | cut -d ' ' -f 2 ) in
  (9600)
    # pure console
    export LC_ALL=en_US.ISO8859-1
    ;;
  (38400)
    # terminal emulator
    export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
    ;;
esac

these files remain the same as showed upper:

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/ttys
~/.Xdefaults
~/.xinitrc

EDIT:
I gorgot to add one of the key files and realized that NOW

keyboard entry in /etc/X11/xorg.conf must be:

Section "InputDevice"
  Identifier  ...
  Driver      ...
  ...
  Option      "XkbModel"    "pc105"
  Option      "XkbLayout"   "pl"
EndSection

Of course You will need to change all export words to setenv and also remove '=' if You use csh/tcsh shell, but {t}csh users know that

[chmiels]

I'm using 8.1RC1 and terminal speed returned by stty is always 9600 baud.