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Hello All,
= = = [ SOLUTION for this issue in thread post 8 & 12 below ] = = = http://daemonforums.org/showthread.php?t=8660#post51524 -and updated: https://www.amazon.com/FreeBSD-v10-J.../dp/099719460X I attempted to create a Jail following the handbook section 15.5. This section is about using jail template and multiple jails. It seems dated. I followed it putting all my config in /etc/rc.conf but when I tried to start the jail it said I needed to move config to /etc/jail.conf. I figured out the syntax and created that file to start my jail "www". Now I am getting the following error: Code:
root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # service -v jail start jail is located in /etc/rc.d Starting jails:www: removed . root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # jls JID IP Address Hostname Path root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # Code:
root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # cat /etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/gpt/swap0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/gpt/swap1 none swap sw 0 0 /jpool/jails/j/mroot /jpool/jails/j/www nullfs ro 0 0 /jpool/jails/js/www /jpool/jails/j/www/s nullfs rw 0 0 Code:
root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # cat /etc/jail.conf # file: /etc/jail.conf # Defaults ##exec.prestart = "/sbin/mount -t nullfs -o ro /jpool/jails/j/mroot /jpool/jails/j/$name && /sbin/mount -t nullfs -o rw /jpool/jails/js/$name /jpool/jails/j/$name/s "; exec.start += "/bin/sh /etc/rc"; exec.stop = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown"; ##exec.poststop = "/sbin/umount -f /jpool/jails/j/$name/s && /sbin/umount -f /jpool/jails/j/$name "; exec.clean; mount.devfs; #mount.fstab = "/etc/fstab.$name"; exec.consolelog = "/var/log/jail_"$name"_console.log"; host.hostname = "Bens$name"; allow.set_hostname = 0; allow.sysvipc = 0; allow.nomount; # Dynamic wildcard parameter: # Base the path off the jail name. path = "/jpool/jails/j/$name"; # example { # interface = "lo0"; # ip4.addr = 127.0.0.2; # } www { interface = "em0"; ip4.addr += 192.168.15.100/24; } # Generated by rc.d/jail at 2014-09-08 20:58:02 ##www { ## host.hostname = "BensWWW"; ## path = "/jpool/jails/j/www"; ## ip4.addr += "192.168.15.100/24"; ## allow.raw_sockets = 0; ## exec.clean; ## exec.system_user = "root"; ## exec.jail_user = "root"; ## exec.start += "/bin/sh /etc/rc"; ## exec.stop = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown"; ## exec.consolelog = "/var/log/jail_www_console.log"; ## mount.devfs; ## allow.set_hostname = 0; ## allow.sysvipc = 0; ##} Code:
root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # uname -a FreeBSD MonitoredSvr 10.0-RELEASE-p7 FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE-p7 #0: Tue Jul 8 06:37:44 UTC 2014 root@amd64-builder.daemonology.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 Code:
root@JAILHOST:/jpool/jails/j/mroot # sysctl -a | grep jail security.jail.jailed: 0 security.jail.vnet: 0 security.jail.jail_max_af_ips: 255 security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 1 security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1 security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0 security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0 security.jail.chflags_allowed: 0 security.jail.mount_allowed: 0 security.jail.mount_devfs_allowed: 0 security.jail.mount_nullfs_allowed: 0 security.jail.mount_procfs_allowed: 0 security.jail.mount_tmpfs_allowed: 0 security.jail.mount_zfs_allowed: 0 security.jail.enforce_statfs: 2 security.jail.devfs_ruleset: 0 security.jail.param.jid: 0 security.jail.param.parent: 0 security.jail.param.name: 256 security.jail.param.path: 1024 security.jail.param.securelevel: 0 security.jail.param.enforce_statfs: 0 security.jail.param.devfs_ruleset: 0 security.jail.param.persist: 0 security.jail.param.dying: 0 security.jail.param.children.cur: 0 security.jail.param.children.max: 0 security.jail.param.host.: 0 security.jail.param.host.hostname: 256 security.jail.param.host.domainname: 256 security.jail.param.host.hostuuid: 64 security.jail.param.host.hostid: 0 security.jail.param.cpuset.id: 0 security.jail.param.ip4.: 0 security.jail.param.ip4.saddrsel: 0 security.jail.param.ip6.: 0 security.jail.param.ip6.saddrsel: 0 security.jail.param.allow.set_hostname: 0 security.jail.param.allow.sysvipc: 0 security.jail.param.allow.raw_sockets: 0 security.jail.param.allow.chflags: 0 security.jail.param.allow.quotas: 0 security.jail.param.allow.socket_af: 0 security.jail.param.allow.mount.: 0 security.jail.param.allow.mount.devfs: 0 security.jail.param.allow.mount.nullfs: 0 security.jail.param.allow.mount.procfs: 0 security.jail.param.allow.mount.tmpfs: 0 security.jail.param.allow.mount.zfs: 0 Last edited by bforest; 19th October 2016 at 05:25 PM. Reason: Solution: in thread post 8 & 12 and now workbook reference. |
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Also all my jail install directories are ZFS datasets. (and created as closely as I could to match the handbook section 15.5)
Code:
user@JailHost:~ % zfs list | grep jails NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT jpool/jails 2.59G 56.0G 45.3K /jpool/jails jpool/jails/j 2.59G 56.0G 1.89M /jpool/jails/j jpool/jails/j/mroot 2.59G 56.0G 2.59G /jpool/jails/j/mroot jpool/jails/js 1.92M 56.0G 41.3K /jpool/jails/js jpool/jails/js/www 1.88M 56.0G 1.88M /jpool/jails/js/www Last edited by bforest; 12th September 2014 at 01:17 AM. |
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I never have played with jails, but many people use ezjail to automate the jail creation. Maybe you could give that a try
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__________________
You don't need to be a genius to debug a pf.conf firewall ruleset, you just need the guts to run tcpdump |
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I have a page on it that simplifies it a bit.
http://srobb.net/nullfsjail.html Note, however, that if using FreeBSD-10, devfs needs to be mounted afterwards (this is explained on the page). |
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Thank you Scottro,
I think I will blow away my config from following the Handbook and try yours from scratch tomorrow. -Ben |
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Hello Scottro,
Thanks for your assistance! I was able to build my first Jail using basically your instructions. * I made small changes like changing all "mkdir..." to "zfs create..." * Entries you asked to go into: /etc/fstab went to: /etc/fstab.www - - then I just did: mount -aF /etc/fstab.www - - I also put the "mount /dev" in this file * Also my /etc/jail.conf includes a line: mount.fstab = "/etc/fstab.www" ; - - that seemed to mount /dev automatically when starting the jail. I am not sure but I think the issue with the handbook was in section 15.5.1. I think they missed the step: "make distribution DESTDIR=..." I kept notes on each step I did. Going to try to write this up for straight v10 install on ZFS. I am on v10 so had to jump around a bit in your instructions. Thank you so much for writing this up! -Ben |
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To follow is a complete set of instructions to setup Jails.
It is in two sections. * Configuring the Multi-Jail Infrastructure [instead of HB-15.5.1] * Installing a single new Jail . . . . . . . [instead of HB-15.5.2] These instructions have been updated in: - https://www.amazon.com/FreeBSD-v10-J.../dp/099719460X As noted in previous posts, I had problems when following the instructions in the Handbook (15.5.1&2). I liked the way the Handbook structured the Jails but some steps are missing and info on /etc/jails.conf are missing. Much thanks to Scottro for his doc that helped me to understand Jail config and enabling me to get this done. Next steps will be to learn/document: * How to back up a Jail. * How to fine tune jails for specific applications. * How to restore a jail to a different FBSDhost that is using the same Jail infrastructure. Code:
Instructions for v10 Multi-JAIL configuration. Thanks in part to: http://srobb.net/nullfsjail.html and the FBSD Handbook ASSUMPTIONS: * FreeBSD v10.x * BuildWorld on Host is complete * Host is ZFS based filesystem * cpdup is installed CREATING MULTI-JAIL INFRASTRUCTURE = First, create a directory structure for the read-only file system which will contain the FreeBSD binaries for the jails. Then, change directory to the FreeBSD source tree and install the read-only file system to the jail template: # su - root # zfs create jpool/jails # zfs create jpool/jails/j # zfs create jpool/jails/j/mroot # setenv D /jpool/jails/j # mkdir -p $D/mroot # cd /usr/src # make installworld DESTDIR=$D/mroot # make distribution DESTDIR=$D/mroot = Next, prepare a FreeBSD Ports Collection for the jails as well as a FreeBSD source tree, which is required for mergemaster: # cd $D/mroot # mkdir $D/mroot/usr/ports # portsnap -p $D/mroot/usr/ports fetch extract # cpdup /usr/src $D/mroot/usr/src = Create a skeleton for the read-write portion of the system: # zfs create jpool/jails/js # zfs create jpool/jails/j/skel # mkdir $D/skel/home $D/skel/usr-X11R6 $D/skel/distfiles # mv etc $D/skel # mv usr/local $D/skel/usr-local # mv tmp $D/skel # mv var $D/skel # mv root $D/skel # cp -p /etc/resolv.conf $D/skel/etc = Prepare /etc/rc.conf in each new Jail for basics # ee $D/skel/etc/rc.conf hostname="CHANGEME" sshd_enable="YES" sendmail_enable="NO" dumpdev="NO" = Use mergemaster to install missing configuration files. Then, remove the extra directories that mergemaster creates: # mergemaster -t $D/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D $D/skel -i #(CHOOSE DEFAULTS) # cd $D/skel # rm -R bin boot lib libexec mnt proc rescue sbin sys usr dev = Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. Ensure that the symlinks are created in the correct s/ locations as the creation of directories in the wrong locations will cause the installation to fail. # cd $D/mroot # mkdir s # ln -s s/etc etc # ln -s s/home home # ln -s s/root root # ln -s s/usr-local usr/local # ln -s s/usr-X11R6 usr/X11R6 # ln -s s/distfiles usr/ports/distfiles # ln -s s/tmp tmp # ln -s s/var var = Create a generic .../skel/etc/make.conf containing these lines: # ee $D/skel/etc/make.conf # This makes it possible to compile FreeBSD ports inside each jail. # Remember that the ports directory is part of the read-only system. # The custom path for WRKDIRPREFIX allows builds to be done in the read-write portion of every jail. WRKDIRPREFIX?= /s/portbuild = Enable Jails on Host # ee /etc/rc.conf #(Add the following line) jail_enable="YES" = As a last step, Create a jail.conf config file # ee /etc/jail.conf # file: /etc/jail.conf # Defaults exec.start += "/bin/sh /etc/rc"; exec.stop = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown"; exec.clean; mount.devfs; mount.fstab = "/etc/fstab.$name"; exec.consolelog = "/var/log/jail_"$name"_console.log"; host.hostname = "Jail$name"; allow.set_hostname = 0; # allow.nomount; # Dynamic wildcard parameter: # Base the path off the jail name. path = "/jpool/jails/j/$name"; # example { # interface = "lo0"; # ip4.addr = 127.0.0.2; # } Code:
CREATING A NEW JAIL (we will assume a jail named "www") = Create /etc/fstab for the new Jail: # su - root # ee /etc/fstab.www # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /jpool/jails/j/mroot /jpool/jails/j/www nullfs ro 0 0 /jpool/jails/js/www /jpool/jails/j/www/s nullfs rw 0 0 = Modify /etc/rc.conf to allow alias IP(s) for Jail: # ee /etc/rc.conf #(Add the following line (example IP)) ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet 192.168.1.51/32" = Modify /etc/jail.conf with info on the new jail: # ee /etc/jail.conf #(Add the following lines at bottom) www { interface = "em0"; ip4.addr += 192.168.1.51/24; # (example IP) #allow.sysvipc = 1; } = Create the required mount points for the read-only file system of the new jail: And Install the read-write template into each jail using sysutils/cpdup: # mkdir /jpool/jails/j/www # zfs create jpool/jails/js/www # cpdup /jpool/jails/j/skel /jpool/jails/js/www CONTROLLING THE JAIL # service jail start www # (start the jail) # jls # (List running jails and their ID's) # jexec [ID#] tcsh # (Log into Jails console on host) Last edited by bforest; 19th October 2016 at 05:29 PM. Reason: Updated with link to workbook. |
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The reason I did not use ezjail was two reasons. Quote:
Also I noticed I forgot a step in the second section and edited to correct it yesterday. Code:
= Modify /etc/rc.conf to allow alias IP(s) for Jail: Next steps will be to learn/document: * Verify FHB 15.5.3 * How to back up a Jail. * How to fine tune jails for specific applications. * How to restore a jail to a different FBSDhost that is using the same Jail infrastructure. |
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I was working in my Jails today and I had some issues with accessing the R/W areas. I made some link changes that seemed to have corrected the issues:
Here are the changes (in the infrastructure section) Code:
= Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. # cd $D/mroot # mkdir s # ln -s /s/etc etc # ln -s /s/home home # ln -s /s/root root # ln -s /s/usr-local usr/local # ln -s /s/usr-X11R6 usr/X11R6 # ln -s /s/distfiles usr/ports/distfiles # ln -s /s/tmp tmp # ln -s /s/var var - - - - - - - Someone wrote me regarding this thread and suggested the following link: http://jail-primer.sourceforge.net I believe this is related to the: "qjail" port. There is some good info in this document, especially about /etc/jail.conf options. My only issue with the doc is that there is no reference to ZFS and having a jail configuration built on it. I think Jails+ZFS has great advantages but I understand jails don't "need" ZFS. |
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You're going to a lot of work. This http://savagedlight.me/2014/03/07/fr...ocal-networks/ is a very succinct method to create Jails without having to install third party software.
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gpatrick:
The only thirdparty tool is "cpdup". It is what they used in the Handbook 15.5. I would rather us just "cp -p" or use tar to copy from one location to the other but not sure what cpdup does or why they used it in the handbook. Guess I didn't feel like fighting that battle at the time. The method I lay out above is actually pretty simple. Initial configuration takes about 15 - 30 min. Adding an additional jail takes about 5 min. The part I didn't discuss that takes longer is the initial buildworld. The link you provided does not seem to have any instructions for initial jail configuration. Just multiple local networks. Last edited by bforest; 27th September 2014 at 06:51 PM. |
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Currently I have three jails running:
dns www I have been working in www mostly and once I got nginx and drupal(including DB) working I needed to take a snapshot so if I goofed it up I could get back to this starting point. I used the following command to backup the r/w portion of the jail: Code:
su root -c "zfs snapshot jpool/jails/js/www@v7Drupal`date "+%Y%m%d-%H%M" ` " Code:
zfs list -t snapshot After loading a Theme and trying to run a Drupal helper called: Drush I ended up with a www jail that was broken. It took some work to get my drupal updated to v7 so rather than go thru all that again I just restored the snapshot. Before restoring I needed to stop the jail. I have had some issues with my r/o mount not un-mounting automatically so I check to see if it is mounted and if so I force it to unmount: Code:
# su - root -c "service jail stop www " # mount | grep www # su - root -c "umount -f /jpool/jails/j/www " # mount Code:
# zfs list -t snapshot # su - root -c "zfs rollback jpool/jails/js/www@v7Drupal20140920-1841 " # zfs list -t snapshot # su - root -c "service jail start www " # jls Also, ZFS has "send/receive" commands that allow you to save a snapshot to an archive file or restore a snapshot from an archive file. This facility should be good for not only archiving snapshots/backups but transferring them from one system to another. I also snapshotted my "jpool/jails/j" which gets me my master and skeleton read only infrastructure. Code:
user@JailHost:~ % zfs list -t snapshot NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT jpool/jails/j@20140926-2015 0 - 46.6K - jpool/jails/js/dns@20140919-1602 276K - 2.04M - jpool/jails/js/mail@new20140924-1745 239K - 2.22M - jpool/jails/js/www@20140916-1855 4.12M - 32.5M - jpool/jails/js/www@20140919-1321 22.3M - 701M - jpool/jails/js/www@v6Drupal20140922-1812 29.7M - 780M - jpool/jails/js/www@v7Drupal20140922-2041 13.3M - 808M - rpool/usr/src@20140904 545M - 545M - |
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To follow is a complete set of instructions to update the ZFS based Jails we previously created.
It is in one section. * Upgrading the Multi-Jail Infrastructure [instead of HB-15.5.3] These instructions have been updated in: - https://www.amazon.com/FreeBSD-v10-J.../dp/099719460X As noted in earlier, I had problems when following the instructions in the Handbook (15.5.1,2&3). I liked the way the Handbook structured the Jails but some steps are missing. The same applies to this section. (mostly about Mergemaster) I have performed this update about 3 times in the past few months. Code:
Instructions for v10 UPDATING a Multi-FreeBSD-JAIL configuration. Thanks in part to: http://srobb.net/nullfsjail.html and the FBSD Handbook ASSUMPTIONS: * FreeBSD v10.x * BuildWorld on Host is complete (because the Jails are using same kernel as host) (Handbook 24.5; 24.6) * Host is ZFS based filesystem * cpdup is installed UPDATING A MULTI-JAIL INFRASTRUCTURE = First, create a directory structure for the read-only file system which will contain the FreeBSD binaries for the jails. Then, change directory to the FreeBSD source tree and install the read-only file system to the jail template: Log into Jail Host # su - root # setenv D /jpool/jails/j # zfs create jpool/jails/j/mroot2 # mkdir -p $D/mroot2 # cd /usr/src # make installworld DESTDIR=$D/mroot2 # make distribution DESTDIR=$D/mroot2 = Next, prepare a FreeBSD Ports Collection for the jails as well as a FreeBSD source tree, which is required for mergemaster: # cd $D/mroot2 # cpdup /usr/src $D/mroot2/usr/src = Create a skeleton for the read-write portion of the system: {Of course use your own date: skel.YYYYMMDD on the backup of old "skel"} # zfs rename jpool/jails/j/skel jpool/jails/j/skel.20141120 # zfs create jpool/jails/j/skel # mkdir $D/skel/home $D/skel/usr-X11R6 $D/skel/distfiles # mv etc $D/skel # mv usr/local $D/skel/usr-local # mv tmp $D/skel # mv var $D/skel # mv root $D/skel = Prepare /etc/rc.conf in each new Jail for basics # cp -p $D/skel.20141120/etc/rc.conf $D/skel/etc # cp -p $D/skel.20141120/etc/make.conf $D/skel/etc # cp -p $D/skel.20141120/etc/resolv.conf $D/skel/etc = Use mergemaster to install missing configuration files. Then, remove the extra directories that mergemaster creates: # mergemaster -t $D/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D $D/skel -i #(CHOOSE DEFAULTS) # cd $D/skel # rm -R bin boot lib libexec mnt proc rescue sbin sys usr dev = Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. Ensure that the symlinks are created in the correct /s/ locations as the creation of directories in the wrong locations will cause the installation to fail. # cd $D/mroot2 # mkdir s # ln -s /s/etc etc # ln -s /s/home home # ln -s /s/root root # ln -s /s/usr-local usr/local # ln -s /s/usr-X11R6 usr/X11R6 # ln -s /s/tmp tmp # ln -s /s/var var = Now stop all running jails. Update Ports. Backup old mroot. Install new mroot. # service jail stop NOTE: make sure all jail mounts are unmounted. # mv $D/mroot/usr/ports $D/mroot2/usr # portsnap -p $D/mroot2/usr/ports fetch update {Of course use your own date: mroot.YYYYMMDD} # cd $D # zfs rename jpool/jails/j/mroot jpool/jails/j/mroot.20141120 # zfs rename jpool/jails/j/mroot2 jpool/jails/j/mroot # exit Reboot the Host = Adding temproot to each existing jail {just hold enter key to leave everything for later} Log into Jail Host # su - root # mergemaster -t /jpool/jails/js/www/var/tmp/temproot -D /tmp/ignore # mergemaster -t /jpool/jails/js/dns/var/tmp/temproot -D /tmp/ignore # mergemaster -t /jpool/jails/js/mail/var/tmp/temproot -D /tmp/ignore = TESTING Use jls to check if the jails started correctly. ssh into the jails (or jexec JID tcsh) Run "mergemaster -r" as root in each jail to update the configuration files. ( answer all with "i" ) Last edited by bforest; 19th October 2016 at 05:31 PM. Reason: Corrected MergeMaster command. Added link to workbook. |
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Edit: I just learned from CBSD website about vmrc http://vmrc.bsd.lv/ and the name of its author Michael Dexter appears on many Bhyve threads. There is apparently another tool http://petitecloud.org/ which is mentioned in some Bhyve threads but I am not sure in what contexts. Another interesting thing is that theoretically one could port Bhyve to other OS and I have seen few people daydreaming of porting it to OpenBSD ![]() I would be interested about the state of Xen on NetBSD. It seems to be rotting at the moment and it is not nearly as useful as its Linux counterpart. Last edited by Oko; 7th December 2014 at 08:58 PM. Reason: Adding additional information. |
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Using the info at the one page link that GPatrick provided I was able to configure my jail host so that the Host is on my "Admin" network and the Jails are on the "General" network. This is done by creating multiple routing tables and attaching them to specific network interfaces. These are also known as FIB, and are manipulated with the setfib utility. Three files need to be configured: (Please visit the link for details) - /boot/loader.conf - /etc/rc.local - /etc/jail.conf I have two physical NIC's on my JailHost: - em0 is my Admin network which the host communicates on. - em1 is my General network which the Jails communicate on. In my /etc/rc.conf I only has to reference the proper NIC em1: Code:
ifconfig_em1_alias0="inet 192.168.25.100/32" #www ifconfig_em1_alias1="inet 192.168.25.120/32" #mail ifconfig_em1_alias2="inet 192.168.25.5/32" #dns My current Jail.conf looks something like this: Code:
user@JailHost:~ % cat /etc/jail.conf # file: /etc/jail.conf # Defaults exec.start += "/bin/sh /etc/rc"; exec.stop = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown"; exec.clean; mount.devfs; mount.fstab = "/etc/fstab.$name"; exec.consolelog = "/var/log/jail_"$name"_console.log"; host.hostname = "Jail_$name"; allow.set_hostname = 0; # allow.nomount; # Dynamic wildcard parameter: # Base the path off the jail name. path = "/jpool/jails/j/$name"; # example { # interface = "lo0"; # ip4.addr = 127.0.0.2; # } dns { exec.fib=1; # Set to the GENERAL routing table interface = "em1"; ip4.addr = 192.168.25.5/24; #allow.sysvipc = 1; #allow.raw_sockets = 1; # Debugging purposes } www { exec.fib=1; # Set to the GENERAL routing table interface = "em1"; ip4.addr = 192.168.25.100/24; #allow.sysvipc = 1; #allow.raw_sockets = 1; # Debugging purposes } mail { exec.fib=1; # Set to the GENERAL routing table interface = "em1"; ip4.addr = 192.168.25.120/24; #allow.sysvipc = 1; #allow.raw_sockets = 1; # Debugging purposes } Last edited by bforest; 9th December 2014 at 01:03 AM. |
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